Remove stems and seeds from dried chiles. Toast briefly in a dry skillet until fragrant, then soak in hot water until softened. Blend into a smooth paste.
Season the beef with salt. Heat oil in a heavy pot and brown the beef in batches until deeply browned. Remove and set aside.
In the same pot, cook the onion until soft. Add garlic and cook until fragrant.
Stir in cumin, oregano, and black pepper, then add the chile paste.
Return the beef to the pot and add beef broth. Stir well.
Bring to a gentle simmer, reduce heat, and cook uncovered for about 2 hours, stirring occasionally, until the beef is tender and the chili is thick.
Adjust seasoning with salt and serve hot.